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The SecOps Group CNSP Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	TCP IP (Protocols and Networking Basics): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers the fundamental principles of TCP IP, explaining how data moves through different layers of the network. It emphasizes the roles of protocols in enabling communication between devices and sets the foundation for understanding more advanced topics.
Topic 2	Cryptography: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and focuses on basic encryption and decryption methods used to protect data in transit and at rest. It includes an overview of algorithms, key management, and the role of cryptography in maintaining data confidentiality.
Topic 3	This section of the exam measures skills of Network Engineers and explores the utility of widely used software for scanning, monitoring, and troubleshooting networks. It clarifies how these tools help in detecting intrusions and verifying security configurations.
Topic 4	TLS Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and outlines the process of securing network communication through encryption. It highlights how TLS ensures data integrity and confidentiality, emphasizing certificate management and secure configurations.
Topic 5	Network Architectures, Mapping, and Target Identification: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and reviews different network designs, illustrating how to diagram and identify potential targets in a security context. It stresses the importance of accurate network mapping for efficient troubleshooting and defense.
Topic 6	Linux and Windows Security Basics: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and compares foundational security practices across these two operating systems. It addresses file permissions, user account controls, and basic hardening techniques to reduce the attack surface.
Topic 7	Common vulnerabilities affecting Windows Services: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and focuses on frequently encountered weaknesses in core Windows components. It underscores the need to patch, configure, and monitor services to prevent privilege escalation and unauthorized use.
Topic 8	Social Engineering attacks: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and addresses the human element of security breaches. It describes common tactics used to manipulate users, emphasizes awareness training, and highlights how social engineering can bypass technical safeguards.
Topic 9	Basic Malware Analysis: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and offers an introduction to identifying malicious software. It covers simple analysis methods for recognizing malware behavior and the importance of containment strategies in preventing widespread infection.
Topic 10	This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and explains how to verify the security and performance of various services running on a network. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in configurations and protocols that could lead to unauthorized access or data leaks.
Topic 11	Database Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and covers how databases can be targeted for unauthorized access. It explains the importance of strong authentication, encryption, and regular auditing to ensure that sensitive data remains protected.
Topic 12	Network Security Tools and Frameworks (such as Nmap, Wireshark, etc)
Topic 13	Network Scanning & Fingerprinting: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers techniques for probing and analyzing network hosts to gather details about open ports, operating systems, and potential vulnerabilities. It emphasizes ethical and legal considerations when performing scans.

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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q19-Q24):

NEW QUESTION # 19
What is the response from an open UDP port which is behind a firewall (port is open on the firewall)?

A. No response
B. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable
C. A SYN Packet
D. A FIN Packet

Answer: A

Explanation:
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), per RFC 768, is connectionless, lacking TCP's handshake or acknowledgment mechanisms. When a UDP packet reaches a port:
Closed Port: The host typically sends an ICMP "Destination Port Unreachable" (Type 3, Code 3) unless suppressed (e.g., by firewall or OS settings).
Open Port: If a service is listening (e.g., DNS on 53/UDP), it processes the packet but doesn't inherently reply unless the application protocol requires it (e.g., DNS sends a response).
Scenario: An open UDP port behind a firewall, with the firewall rule allowing traffic (e.g., permit udp any host 10.0.0.1 eq 123). The packet reaches the service, but UDP itself doesn't mandate a response. Most services (e.g., NTP, SNMP) only reply if the packet matches an expected request. In this question's generic context (no specific service), no response is the default, as the firewall permits the packet, and the open port silently accepts it without feedback.
Security Implications: This silence makes UDP ports harder to scan (e.g., Nmap assumes "open|filtered" for no response), but exposed open ports risk amplification attacks (e.g., DNS reflection). CNSP likely contrasts UDP's behavior with TCP for firewall rule crafting.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . ICMP message showing Port Unreachable: Occurs for closed ports, not open ones, unless the service explicitly rejects the packet (rare).
C . A SYN Packet: SYN is TCP-specific (handshake initiation), irrelevant to UDP.
D . A FIN Packet: FIN is TCP-specific (connection closure), not UDP.
Real-World Context: Testing UDP 53 (DNS) with dig @8.8.8.8 +udp yields a response, but generic UDP probes (e.g., nc -u) often get silence.

NEW QUESTION # 20
What is the response from a closed UDP port which is not behind a firewall?

A. No response
B. ICMP message showing Destination Unreachable
C. A RST packet
D. None of the above

Answer: B

Explanation:
UDP is a connectionless protocol, and its behavior when a packet reaches a port depends on whether the port is open or closed. Without a firewall altering the response, the standard protocol applies.
Why A is correct: When a UDP packet is sent to a closed port, the host typically responds with an ICMP Type 3 (Destination Unreachable), Code 3 (Port Unreachable) message, indicating no service is listening. CNSP notes this as a key indicator in port scanning.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: RST packets are TCP-specific, not used in UDP.
C: No response occurs for open UDP ports unless an application replies, not closed ports.
D: A is correct, so "none of the above" is invalid.

NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the aforementioned SSL/TLS protocols are considered to be unsafe?

A. TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1
B. SSLv2 and SSLv3
C. SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, and TLSv1.3
D. Both A and B

Answer: D

Explanation:
SSL/TLS protocols secure network communication, but older versions have vulnerabilities:
SSLv2 (1995): Weak ciphers, no handshake integrity (e.g., MITM via DROWN attack, CVE-2016-0800). Deprecated by RFC 6176 (2011).
SSLv3 (1996): Vulnerable to POODLE (CVE-2014-3566), weak block ciphers (e.g., RC4). Deprecated by RFC 7568 (2015).
TLSv1.0 (1999, RFC 2246): Inherits SSLv3 flaws (e.g., BEAST, CVE-2011-3389), weak CBC ciphers. Deprecated by PCI DSS (2018) and RFC 8996 (2021).
TLSv1.1 (2006, RFC 4346): Improved over 1.0 but lacks modern cipher suites (e.g., AEAD). Deprecated with 1.0 by RFC 8996.
TLSv1.2 (2008, RFC 5246): Secure with strong ciphers (e.g., AES-GCM), widely used today.
TLSv1.3 (2018, RFC 8446): Latest, removes legacy weaknesses, mandatory forward secrecy.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Correct but incomplete without B.
B: Correct but incomplete without A.
D: Incorrectly includes TLSv1.2 and 1.3, which are secure and recommended.
Real-World Context: POODLE forced mass SSLv3 disablement in 2014; TLS 1.0/1.1 deprecation hit legacy systems in 2021.

NEW QUESTION # 22
A system encrypts data prior to transmitting it over a network, and the system on the other end of the transmission media decrypts it. If the systems are using a symmetric encryption algorithm for encryption and decryption, which of the following statements is true?

A. A symmetric encryption algorithm uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data at both ends of the transmission media.
B. A symmetric encryption algorithm uses different keys to encrypt and decrypt data at both ends of the transmission media.
C. A symmetric encryption algorithm does not use keys to encrypt and decrypt data at both ends of the transmission media.
D. A symmetric encryption algorithm is an insecure method used to encrypt data transmitted over transmission media.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Symmetric encryption is a cryptographic technique where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption processes. In the context of network security, when data is encrypted prior to transmission and decrypted at the receiving end using a symmetric encryption algorithm (e.g., AES or Triple-DES), both the sender and receiver must share and utilize an identical secret key. This key is applied by the sender to transform plaintext into ciphertext and by the receiver to reverse the process, recovering the original plaintext. The efficiency of symmetric encryption makes it ideal for securing large volumes of data transmitted over networks, provided the key is securely distributed and managed.
Why A is correct: Option A accurately describes the fundamental property of symmetric encryption-using a single shared key for both encryption and decryption. This aligns with CNSP documentation, which emphasizes symmetric encryption's role in securing data in transit (e.g., via VPNs or secure file transfers).
Why other options are incorrect:
B: This describes asymmetric encryption (e.g., RSA), where different keys (public and private) are used for encryption and decryption, not symmetric encryption.
C: Symmetric encryption inherently relies on keys; the absence of keys contradicts its definition and operational mechanism.
D: Symmetric encryption is not inherently insecure; its security depends on key strength and management practices, not the algorithm itself. CNSP highlights that algorithms like AES are widely regarded as secure when implemented correctly.

NEW QUESTION # 23
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of object groups that is managed by which service?

A. NTP
B. SNMP
C. SMTP
D. TACACS

Answer: B

Explanation:
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a structured database defining manageable objects (e.g., CPU usage, interface status) in a network device. It's part of the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) framework, per RFC 1157, used for monitoring and managing network devices (e.g., routers, switches).
SNMP Mechanics:
MIB Structure: Hierarchical, with Object Identifiers (OIDs) like 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 (sysDescr).
Ports: UDP 161 (agent), 162 (traps).
Operation: Agents expose MIB data; managers (e.g., Nagios) query it via GET/SET commands.
MIB files (e.g., IF-MIB, HOST-RESOURCES-MIB) are vendor-specific or standardized, parsed by SNMP tools (e.g., snmpwalk). CNSP likely covers SNMP for network monitoring and securing it against enumeration (e.g., weak community strings like "public").
Why other options are incorrect:
A . SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Email delivery (TCP 25), unrelated to MIB or device management.
C . NTP (Network Time Protocol): Time synchronization (UDP 123), not MIB-related.
D . TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System): Authentication/authorization (TCP 49), not MIB management.
Real-World Context: SNMP misconfiguration led to the 2018 Cisco switch exploits via exposed MIB data.

NEW QUESTION # 24
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