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AGA GAFRB Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Federal Financial Accounting and Reporting: This section of the exam measures skills of government financial analysts and covers the roles of FASAB, OMB, Treasury, and GAO in federal accounting. It includes an understanding of federal budgetary terminology and the federal budgetary equation. The section differentiates between budgetary and proprietary accounting and outlines the structure and use of various federal fund types. It explains how to record key budgetary transactions like appropriations and obligations and proprietary transactions such as payroll and depreciation.
Topic 2	Governmental Financial Accounting, Reporting and Budgeting: General Knowledge:This section of the exam measures skills of government financial analysts and covers the unique aspects of governmental accounting that distinguish it from private sector practices, such as service over profit and the critical role of the budget. It emphasizes the objectives of financial reporting in the public sector, the role of standard-setting bodies like GASB, FASB, FASAB, and IPSASB, and the due process for setting accounting standards. It also includes knowledge of interperiod equity, budgetary compliance, sustainability, and the characteristics of quality financial information.
Topic 3	State and Local Financial Accounting and Reporting: This section of the exam measures skills of public sector accountants and focuses on applying GASB standards to define reporting entities and component units. It explores the structure and purpose of various fund types and the basis of accounting for each. Candidates must understand the format and content of the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report and the purpose of popular reports for public transparency.

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AGA Examination 2: Governmental Accounting, Financial Reporting and Budgeting (GAFRB) Sample Questions (Q65-Q70):

NEW QUESTION # 65
In state and local financial audits, material weaknesses must be reported to the

A. legislature.
B. governing body.
C. local media.
D. taxpayers.

Answer: B

Explanation:
What Are Material Weaknesses?
* Amaterial weaknessin internal control is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies that creates a reasonable possibility of a material misstatement in the financial statements that would not be prevented or detected in a timely manner.
* In the context of state and local financial audits, material weaknesses must be reported to those charged with governance, as they are responsible for oversight and corrective actions.
Why Is the Governing Body the Correct Answer?
* Thegoverning body(e.g., city council, county board, or state commission) is directly responsible for overseeing the entity's financial operations and ensuring accountability. Reporting material weaknesses to them ensures that corrective actions can be implemented to strengthen internal controls.
* Auditors communicate such findings through anaudit reportor amanagement letteraddressed to the governing body.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A. Legislature:The legislature may have oversight of state budgets and appropriations but is not the direct governing body for financial audits.
* C. Taxpayers:While transparency is important, material weaknesses are not directly reported to taxpayers. They may be disclosed in public audit reports, but taxpayers are not the primary audience.
* D. Local media:Material weaknesses are not formally reported to the media; their disclosure depends on the entity's public reporting processes.
References and Documents:
* GAO Yellow Book (GAGAS):Requires auditors to report material weaknesses to those charged with governance.
* GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board):Emphasizes the importance of communicating significant audit findings to governing bodies.
* AICPA Audit Standards (AU-C 265):Requires auditors to communicate material weaknesses to management and those charged with governance.

NEW QUESTION # 66
Which of the following revenue sources is an exchange-like transaction?

A. income taxes
B. fines
C. operating permits
D. grants

Answer: C

Explanation:
Exchange and exchange-like transactions occur when each party receives and gives up essentially equal value.
In the case of operating permits (e.g., business licenses or environmental permits), the payer receives a direct and proportional benefit in exchange for the fee paid, making this an exchange-like transaction.
In contrast:
Income taxes and fines are non-exchange revenues.
Grants may or may not be exchange-like, depending on stipulations, but generally are non-exchange.
Relevant Standards and References:
GASB Statement No. 33, Accounting and Financial Reporting for Nonexchange Transactions GASB Codification Section N50, Nonexchange Transactions GFOA Best Practices - Revenue Recognition Therefore, Option B is correct.

NEW QUESTION # 67
All the following are required financial statement reporting on governmental funds EXCEPT

A. the operating statement.
B. statement of cash flows.
C. the balance sheet.
D. expenditures and changes in fund balance.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The governmental funds (e.g., general fund, special revenue fund, capital projects fund) are reported using the modified accrual basis and current financial resources measurement focus. Required financial statements for governmental funds include:
Balance Sheet
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances
There is no requirement for a statement of cash flows for governmental funds. The statement of cash flows is only required for proprietary funds (e.g., enterprise and internal service funds) and is prepared using the direct method.
Relevant References:
GASB Statement No. 34 - Basic Financial Statements
GASB Codification Section 2200
GFOA Governmental Fund Reporting Guidelines
D). statement of cash flows

NEW QUESTION # 68
According to GASB, the costs of which of the following activities associated with internally generated computer software should be capitalized?

A. selecting between alternatives for the software project
B. training employees to use the software
C. testing the software for functionality and ease of use
D. converting extra data not needed to make the software work

Answer: C

Explanation:
According to GASB Statement No. 51 - Accounting and Financial Reporting for Intangible Assets, costs associated with internally generated computer software can be capitalized only during the "application development stage." Activities in this stage that are capitalizable include:
Coding
Software configuration
Testing (for functionality)
Non-capitalizable activities include:
Preliminary project planning (e.g., selecting between alternatives)
Data conversion not necessary for the software to operate
Training employees
Therefore, testing the software for functionality is an activity that should be capitalized.
Relevant References:
GASB Statement No. 51
GFOA Best Practices - Capitalization of Intangible Assets
C). testing the software for functionality and ease of use

NEW QUESTION # 69
Accounts that are closed at year-end include

A. tax revenues.
B. supplies inventory.
C. taxes receivable.
D. unassigned fund balance.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Temporary accounts (revenues, expenditures, and transfers) are closed at the end of the fiscal year to prepare the books for the next fiscal period. Tax revenues are a temporary account and are closed at year-end by transferring balances to fund balance accounts.
In contrast:
Taxes receivable (A) is a balance sheet (permanent) account.
Supplies inventory (C) is an asset.
Unassigned fund balance (D) is an equity account.
Relevant References:
GASB Codification Section 2200 - Fund Accounting and Closing Procedures GFOA Accounting and Financial Reporting Manual GAAP Fundamentals B). tax revenues

NEW QUESTION # 70
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